Pathology Department

Dr. Noha Said

E mail: 

Former heads

• • Late Prof. Nawal Mohamed El- Badrawy 
  • Emeritus Prof. Maha Mahmoud Akl 
  • Emeritus Prof. Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel-Hadi 
  • Emeritus Prof. Afkar Abdel-Ghany Badawy 
  • Prof. Tarek Aboushousha 
  • Emeritus Prof. Olfat Hammam 

The department’s field of research focuses on elucidation of the underlying pathogenesis and etiology of various endemic diseases that affectsmainly GIT, liver and genito-urinary system. Also, establishing diagnosis of diseases, follow up for prognosis and treatment guidance; including:

•  Prediction of early neoplasia as well as exploring chromosomal and gene aberrations associated with different diseases using specific molecular pathology techniques.
•  Establishing a standardized pathological evaluation for kidney and liver transplantation.
•  Stem cell research viaestablishing standardized tissue evaluation for proper tracing of the different transplanted types of stem cells (autologus bone marrow, umbilical cord blood) into their targeted diseased organs and to find out their differentiation in both tissue cultures and transplanted organs.

A- The Pathology Department is considered one ofthe research labs that primarily:

• •  Proven the possible reversibility of hepatic fibrosis in its early stage through immunolocalization and differentiationof different types of collagenous and non collagenous glycoproteins
  •  Applied semiquantitation of hepatic collagenous content, which helped in estimating the efficacy of antifibrotic drugs
  •  Held experimental studies on stem cell culture and implantation.
  •  Performed early detection of the distribution of different immuno-globulins within schistosomal granuloma. This helped in the understanding of the immunological bases of schistosomiasis.

B- The Department had actively participated in:

• •  Trials for vaccine production against Shistosoma mansoni infection
  •  Experimental assessment of hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in collaboration with the surgery department, TBRI.
  •  Evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of many drugs including antischistosomal, antinflammatory, antioxidants and antifibrotic drugs

C- The department has also:

• •  Validated the detection method forhidden schistosomal infection in tissue sections.
  •  Inventeda non invasive and applicable procedure for early diagnosis of bladder cancer via detection of shedded aneuploid urothelial cells (have abnormal DNA content) in urine samples using Image Analysis System.
  •  Early detection of dysplasia and neoplasia in different hepatic and bladder lesions using the Image Analysis System.

1.  Routine pathological examination and diagnosis of surgically excised tissue, swelling or organ specimens.
2.  Cytological diagnosis of all fluid samples using cytospin smears technique.
3.  Fine needle aspirate cytopathological diagnosis for any swelling and liver lesions (as focal hepatic defects, hydatid cysts, amoebic, chronic abscesses, etc…).
4.  Immediate diagnosis for frozen sections from surgically resected specimens of patients under anaesthesia.
5.  Detection of different tumor markers usingimmunohistochemical technique.
6.  Detection of DNA content of the nuclei of different cells using Cell Image Analysis system.
7.  Morphometrical assessement of the cell parameters as nuclei area, cytoplasmic area, blood vessels, peimeter of different pathological lesions, for detection of early neoplasia, staging and prognosis using Cell Image Analysis System (software KS 400).
8.  Semiquatitative estimation of fibrosis in different pathological lesions using Cell Image Analysis System (software KS 400).
9.  Pathological evaluation of the therapeutic effect of different agents in various diseases.
10.  Using In Situ Hybridization Technique for detection of mRNA of cell proteins, viruses, tumor markers in different pathological lesions.
11.  Using flourescent in situ hybridization (FISH)technique for tracing the transplanted stem cells, detection of gene and chromosomal mutation and abnormalities in different premalignant and malignant lesions.
12.  Tissue Microarray technique.

The department facilities include: automated Image and DNA ploidy analysis system; automated immunostainer; automated system for chromosomal analysis and FISH technique; tissue Micro-array apparatus; Automated tissue processor; frozen section apparatus; tissue hybridizer apparatus and recent microtomes.

1.  Routine processing and preparation of biopsy specimens for pathological diagnosis (fixation, processing, embedding into paraffin blocks, cutting on microtome and staining).
2.  Frozen section preparation.
3.  Cytopathology.
4.  Immunohistochemical and molecular pathology techniques (as ISH and FISH).
5.  Image analysis techniques (quantitation of nuclear DNA and morphometrical measurements) and its application in the field of pathology.
6.  Tissue Microarray technique.

•  Routine histopathological and cytopathological diagnosis.
•  Immunohistochemical technique application for certain pathological lesion for more pathological details.
•  DNA and morphometrical assessement of different pathological lesions for detection of early neoplasia, staging and prognosis.
•  Semiquatitative estimation of fibrosis in different pathological lesions.
•  Pathological evaluation of the effect of different kinds of therapeutic regimens in different diseases on body organs.

1.  Routine pathological examination and diagnosis of any surgically excised tissue specimen, swelling or organ.
2.  Cytological diagnosis of all fluid samples using cytospin smears technique.
3.  Fine needle aspirate cytopathological diagnosis for any swelling and for liver lesions as focal hepatic defects, hydatid cysts, amoebic and chronic abscesses..etc. This technique is also performed by the pathologists for patients with any apparrant subcutaneous body swelling.
4.  Frozen section immediate diagnosis of surgically resected specimens for patients under anaesthesia.
5.  Immunohistochemical technique for certain pathological lesion for more pathological details.

Distribution and localization of hepatic progenitor cells in different grades and stages of chronic hepatitis. PI: Prof. Maha Akl (2009)

Role of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis C Viral Infection-Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Sequence in Egyptian Patients.PI: Prof. Afkar Abdel-Ghany (2010)

Role of CK19 and CD117 (c-KIT) antibody immunoreactivity in diagnosis of primary and secondary hepatic adenocarcinomas”.PI: Prof. Ahmed Abdel-Hadi(2010)

Assessing Her2 Gene As A Potential For Target Therapy In Invasive And Metastatic Carcinoma Of The Bladder With And Without Schistosomiasis. PI: Prof. Olfat Hammam (2012)

Her2/neu Protein Expression and Oncogene Amplification in Gastric Carcinoma in Egyptian Patient. PI:Prof. Ahmed Abdel-Hadi (2012)

Evaluation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR 3) Protein and Gene Amplification in Different Urinary Bladder Lesions.PI: Prof. Olfat Hammam(2016)

Mapping intra-tumor metabolic pathways in relation to membrane structure and Oxygen dynamics in urinary bladder cancer.PI: Prof. Olfat Hammam (2016)

Significance of HER2 and SKP2 in colorectal lesions.PI:Prof. Mona Moussa(2015)

Value of CDX2 and SOX2 as predictive markers for carcinogenesis in Helicobacer pylori-induced gastric lesions. PI:Ass. Prof. Zeinab Omran(2015) 

Publications in the Last Ten Years

1-Walaa H. El-Maadawy, Olfat A. Hammam, Sayed H. Seif el-Din, Naglaa M. El-Lakkany (2020): α-Lipoic acid modulates liver fibrosis: A cross talk between TGF-β1, autophagy, and apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol. 39(4):440-450.

2-Tarek Aboushousha, Olfat Hammam, , Ahmed Aref, Amira Kamel, Mohamed Badawy, Amr Abdel Hamid (2020): Tissue Profile of CDK4 and STAT3 as Possible Innovative Therapeutic Targets in Urinary Bladder Cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 21(2):547-554.

3-Rana El-Tohamy, Islam Elkholi, Marwa E. Elsherbiny, Mona Magdy, Olfat Hammam, Joan Allalunis-Turner and Marwan Emara (2020): Myoglobin variants are expressed in glioblastoma cells Hypoxia effect? Oncology Report. 43(3): 975-985.

4-Mbanefo EC, Fu CL, Ho CP, Le L, Ishida K, Hammam O, Hsieh MH(2020): Interleukin-4 Signaling Plays a Major Role in Urogenital Schistosomiasis-Associated Bladder Pathogenesis. Infect Immun. 88(3) 985.

5–Sanaa S.Botros, Naglaa M.El-Lakkany, Sayed H.Seif el-Din, Sami, William, Abdel-NasserSabra, Olfat A. Hammam, Harry P. de Koning (2020): The phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast impacts Schistosoma mansoni ovipositing in vitro but displays only modest antischistosomal activity in vivo. Experimental Parasitology. 208; 107793.

6-Yasmeen M. Attia, Olfat A. Hammam, Reham A. Ammar, Mohamed T. Mansour, Mohamed M. Elmazar (2020): Crosstalk between Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-1 and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer: Insights into the Role of Vitamin D3. Life Sciences 253 (2020) 117733.

7-Hanan El Baz; Zeinab Demerdash; Manal Kamel; Olfat Hammam; Dina Abdelhady; Soheir Mahmoud; Salwa Mohamed; Faten Salah; Shimaa Atta; Nermine Magdi Riad; Taghrid Gaafar (2020):  Induction of Hepatic Regeneration in an Experimental Model Using Hepatocyte Differentiated MSCs Cultured on 2- Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Culture System. Cellular reprogramming. 22(3):134-146.

8-Sohair Aly Hassan , Olfat Hammam , Sahar Awdallah Hussein and Wessam Magdi Azizl (2020): The Conquering influence of the Nano extracts of pomegranate peels and pistachio leaves in amelioration of acute liver failure bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.071001

9–El Baz H, Demerdash Z, Kamel M, Atta S, Salah F, Hassan S, Hammam O, Khalil H, Bayoumi A (2019): Potentials of Differentiated Human Cord Blood-Derived Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells in Treatment of Liver Cirrhosis.
Exp Clin Transplant. 17(2):251-258.

10-Sumaya H. El-Shazly, Olfat A. Hammam, Wafaa M. El-Zefzafy, Moshira A. Ibrahim (2019): Tissue Expression of Caspase-4 and-5 in Some Chronic Colorectal Diseases. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 75 (2): 2154-2165.

11-Naglaa El-Lakkany, Sayed Seif el-Din, Abdel-Nasser Sabra, Olfat A. Hammam and Fatma A. Ebeid. (2019): Concomitant administration of atorvastatin with N-acetylcysteine mitigates liver injury and steatosis in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science; 9(07): 50-57.

12-Naglaa M. El-Lakkany, Walaa H. El-Maadawy, Sayed H. Seif el-Din, Samira Saleh, Marwa M. Safar, Shahira M. Ezzat, Salwa H. Mohamed, Sanaa S. Botros, Zeinab Demerdash, Olfat A. Hammam (2019):  Antifibrotic effects of gallic acid on hepatic stellate cells: In vitro and in vivo mechanistic study. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 9 (2019) 45e53.

13-Mohammed S. Ali, Rasha M. Hussein, Yasser Gaber, Olfat A. Hammamd and Mohamed A. Kandeil (2019): Modulation of JNK-1/ b-catenin signaling by Lactobacillus casei, inulin and their combination in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice. Royal Society of chemistry Advanced (RSC Adv.) 2019, 9, 29368–29383.

14-Walaa A. Mohamed , Eglal A. Koura , Ibrahim Rabee , Olfat A. Hammam and Hanan M. Ismail. THE EFFICACY OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE ALONE VERSUS CONJUGATED WITH Nigella sativa (EL BARAKA SEED OIL) AGAINST Cryptosporidium parvum IN INFECTED IMMUNOCOMPETENT AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSED MICE.(2019). WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES. 8(10): 139-161

15-Attia Y, Tawfiq R, Adel A, Gibriel A, Hammam O, Elmazar M (2019): FRI-282 -Effect of the farnesoid X receptor agonist, obeticholic acid, in hepatocellular carcinoma: Is it NASH-dependent or-independent? Journal of Hepatology 70 (1): e520

16-Chemical Profiling of Polyphenolics in Eucalyptus globulus and Evaluation of Its Hepato–Renal Protective Potential Against

Cyclophosphamide Induced Toxicity in Mice (2019), Mosad A. Ghareeb  , Mansour Sobeh  , Walaa H. El-Maadawy , Hala Sh. Mohammed , Heba Khalil , Sanaa Botros  and MichaelWink . Antioxidants 2019, 8, 415; doi:10.3390/antiox8090415 (scopus)

17- El Baz H, Demerdash Z, Kamel M, Atta S, Salah F, Hassan S, Hammam O, Khalil H, Meshaal S, Raafat I (2018): Transplant of Hepatocytes, Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells, and In Vitro Hepatocyte-Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Chronic Liver Failure Experimental Model: A Comparative Study. Exp Clin Transplant. 16(1):81-89.

18-Tarek Aboushousha, Olfat Hammam, Noha Helal, Samir El Dahshan (2018): Impact of Cyclin D1 and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein-K (HnRNP-K) on Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP). 19(2):513-519.

19- Sarah Hassan, Soheir S Mansy, Sahar A Tabak, Ahmed S AbdelFattah, Ahmed M Abdel-Aziz, Olfat Hamam, Mohammed I Seleem, Amr Abdelaal. (2018): Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic morphometric image analysis of hepatocellularcarcinoma in association of HCV infection. Ultrastructural Pathology. 42 (2): 97-107.

20-Amina Ibrahim, Shadia El-Dafrawy, Olfat Hammam (2018): Comparative Chromosomal studies on infected and non- infected freshwater snails, Biomphalaria alexandrina, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP). 48(3), 2018: 503 – 507.

21-Iman A. Khaled , Motaz Hassan , Maged E. Ghanam , Olfat Hammam , Omar Sabry and Marwa Wahdan (2018):AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN SUB-TERMINAL LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS. Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(3): 756-769.

22-Maha El- Mansy, Nariman Zahran, Iman Khaled, Olfat Hammam, Azza Hassanein, Omar Sabry and Amira Ramadan (2018): Study of potential differentiation of Wharton’s jelly-derived umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells into renal tissues. J Cell Sci Ther 2018, 2: 9.

23-KHALDA G. RADWAN , MOSHIRA SAYED, WAEL A. EL-SIORY , MOHAMED A. MAHER , MOHAMED M. HUSSEIN , OLFAT A. HAMMAM , MONA HASSAN , AHMED H. HELMY and HODA H. OKASHA (2018): THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF INSULIN AGAINST ISOFLURANE AND SEVOFLURANE INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR APOPTOSIS. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP). 48(1): 129 – 137

24-Manal M. Kamel, Hanan G. El-Baz, Zeinab Demerdash, Salwa Hassan,B, Faten Salah1,B, Wafaa A. Mansour, Olfat Hammam, Shimaa Atta, Ali Bayoumi1,B,C, Marwa Hassan, Soheir Mahmoud (2018): Cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells with hepatogenic differentiation potentially ameliorate chronic liver affection in experimental models. Adv Clin Exp Med. 27(10): 1899-5276.

25- Saed Rosiq, Olfat Hammam , Ahmed Abdelalim , Amgad Anas, Heba Khalil , Mosbah Amer (2018): Colonic Stem Cells Expression of Lgr5 and CD133 Proteins as Predictive Markers in Colorectal Cancer among Egyptian Patients. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 6(6):968-974.

26- Catherine S. Forster, James J. Cody, Nirad Banskota, Crystal Stroud , Yi-Ju Hsieh , Dannah Farah, Olivia Lamanna , Olfat Hammam , Ljubica Caldovic, Michael H. Hsieh (2018): Profiling of urine bacterial DNA to identify an “oncobiome” in a mouse model of bladder cancer. bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 8, 2018

27-Tarek Aboushousha, Olfat Hammam, Gehan Safwat, Ahmed Eesa, Shaza Ahmed, M Emad Esmat and Ahmed Hazem Helmy (2018): Differential expression of rage, EGFR and Ki-67 in primary tumors and lymph node deposits of breast carcinoma. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 19 (8): 2269-2277.

29- Tarek Aboushousha1, Olfat Hammam, Amr Abdelnasser, Ahmed Montasser and Hani Nour, (2018): Possible role of RAGE and ER expression in therapy of bladder cancer. Cancer Rep Rev. 2(6): 1-5.

30-Upregulation of Twist2 in Non-Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Correlate with Response to Treatment and Progression (2018):

 Mohamed Wishahi, Heba Khalil, Mohamed H. Badawy, Amr Elkholy, Khaled Eseily, Shady Anis, Samir Eldahshan, Noura Kamel, Mahmoud Romeih.

31-Evaluation of Artesunate and Praziquantel Combination Therapy in Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni (2018),  Laila Abdel Moniem HEGAZY , Mona Hussein AL MOTIAM , Naglaa Fathy ABD EL-AAL , Shereen Mahmoud IBRAHIM , Heba Khalil MOHAMED. Iran J Parasitol: Vol. 13, No. 2, Apr-Jun 2018, pp.193-203.(Scopus)

32-Evaluation of K-Ras mutation and Fas tissue expression in common neoplastic and nonneoplastic colonic lesions (2018): Akl, Maha M.; El Hindawi, Ali F.; Hammam, Olfat A.; Elgohary, Shimaa A.; Diab, Saraa; Mohamed, Heba K.. Egyptian Journal of Pathology: December 2018 – Volume 38 – Issue 2 – p 299-310

33-Hepatocellular expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers in a sample of hepatitis C virus-infected Egyptian patients (2018): Khalil, Heba K.M; Zoheiry, Mona; Kamel, Nora N.; Aboushousha, Tarek; El-Ahwany, Eman; Taleb, Hoda A.; El-Talkawi, Mohamed D.; Rehim, Ali Abdel; Khalil, Noha M.; Hassan, Marwa; Montasser, Ahmed Y. Egyptian Journal of Pathology: December 2018 – Volume 38 – Issue 2 – p 299-310

34- Badawy AA, El-Hindawi A, Hammam O, Moussa M, Helal NS, Kamel A (2017): Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Transforming Growth Factor Alpha in Cancer Bladder: Schistosomal and Non-Schistosomal. Current Urology. 9(4):192-201.

35- El-Lakkany NM, El-Maadawy WH, Seif El-Din SH, Hammam OA, Mohamed SH, Ezzat SM, Safar MM, Saleh S (2017): Rosmarinic acid attenuates hepatic fibrogenesis via suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation/proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 10(5):444-453. 

36-Motawi TK, El-Maraghy SA, ElMeshad AN, Nady OM, Hammam OA. (2017): Cromolyn chitosan nanoparticles as a novel protective approach for colorectal cancer. Chem Biol Interact. 275:1-12.

37- Rozeik MS, Hammam OA, Ali AI, Magdy M, Khalil H, Anas A, Abo El Hassan AA, Rahim AA, El-Shabasy AI (2017): Evaluation of CD44 and CD133 as markers of liver cancer stem cells in Egyptian patients with HCV-induced chronic liver diseases versus hepatocellular carcinoma. Electron Physician. 9(7):4708-4717.

38-Hammam O, Magdy M, Badawy M, Osili KA, Kholy AE, LeitHy TE (2017): Expression of MDM2 mRNA, MDM2, P53 and P16 Proteins in Urothelial Lesions in the View of the WHO 4th Edition Guidelines as a Molecular Insight towards Personalized Medicine. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 5(5):578-586.

39-Hammam O, Magdy M, Anas A, Rahim AA, Heedaya M, Helmy A (2017): Expression of hnRNPK & Claudin-4 in HCV-Induced Early HCC and Adjacent Liver Tissue. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 5(5):595-602.

40-TWIST2 EXPRESSIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE URINARY BLADDER SHOWED DOWN REGULATION CORRELATED WITH GOOD SURVIVAL AND LOW INCIDENCE OF DISTANT METASTASIS (2017):  MOHAMED WISHAHI, HEBA KHALIL and NOURA KAMEL.
 J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP), 47(1), 2017: 101- 105

41-AN INNOVATIVE REPURPOSING OF MEFLOQUINE; ASSESSMENT OF ITS THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN TREATING CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM INFECTION OF BOTH IMMUNOCOMPETENT AND IMMUNOCOMPROMIZED MICE (2017): NAGWA SHABAN MOHAMED ALY, RABAB FAWZY SELEM, RABAB SAYED ZALAT , HEBA KHALIL AND BOSHRA EL-SAYED TALHA HUSSIEN. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP), 47(2), 2017: 253 – 262

42-Role of GATA3, CK7, CK20 and CK14 in distinguishing urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation (2015): Noha A.H. Helmya, Heba K.M. Khalil, Nora N. Kamela and Dalia M.I. AboelFadla. Egyptian Journal of Pathology 2015, Vol 35 No 2

43-The frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer patients from Egypt (2014): Noha A.H. Helmya, Heba K.M. Khalil, Shady E.A. Ishakc and Mahmoud H. Romeihb. 1687-4277 _c 2015 Egyptian Journal of Pathology